Cusco Travel Guide
Introduction
Nestled in the Andean mountains of southeastern Peru, Cusco is a vibrant city known for its rich history and cultural significance. Once the capital of the Inca Empire, it serves as a gateway to the iconic Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley. Travelers flock to Cusco for its stunning colonial architecture, vibrant markets, and breathtaking landscapes. The city is distinctive not only for its historical significance but also for its blend of indigenous and Spanish influences, evident in its art, cuisine, and festivals. Whether you’re an adventure seeker, a history enthusiast, or a culture lover, Cusco offers a unique experience that captures the essence of Peru.
Top Things to Do in Cusco
1. SacsayhuamΓ‘n
Just a short distance from the city center, SacsayhuamΓ‘n is a massive Inca fortress renowned for its impressive stonework and panoramic views of Cusco. The site features enormous limestone blocks intricately fitted together without mortar, showcasing the ingenuity of Inca engineering. Visitors can explore the extensive ruins and learn about their historical significance, making it an ideal stop for history buffs and anyone interested in ancient architecture.
2. Plaza de Armas
The heart of Cusco, Plaza de Armas, is a bustling square surrounded by stunning colonial buildings. Here, you can visit the magnificent Cathedral of Cusco, which features a mix of Gothic and Baroque architecture, and the Church of La CompaΓ±Γa de JesΓΊs. The square is lively with street performers, local vendors, and cafes, making it a perfect spot to relax and soak in the local atmosphere.
3. Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun)
Once the most important temple in the Inca Empire, Qorikancha was dedicated to the sun god Inti. After the Spanish conquest, it was converted into the Church of Santo Domingo. Today, visitors can marvel at the impressive stonework and learn about the temple’s fascinating history. This site is a must-visit for those interested in the spiritual and cultural heritage of the Incas.
4. San Pedro Market
For an authentic taste of local life, head to San Pedro Market. This vibrant market is filled with stalls selling fresh produce, traditional Peruvian foods, textiles, and handicrafts. Itβs an excellent place to sample local delicacies like ceviche and alpaca meat, as well as to shop for unique souvenirs. The market is best suited for those looking to immerse themselves in the local culture and experience everyday life in Cusco.
5. Sacred Valley
A short drive from Cusco, the Sacred Valley is renowned for its stunning landscapes and traditional Andean villages. Visitors can explore ancient ruins like Ollantaytambo and Pisac, hike scenic trails, and interact with local artisans. The valley is ideal for adventure seekers and those wanting to experience the rich agricultural heritage of the region.
6. Cusco Planetarium
For a unique perspective on the Andean cosmos, visit the Cusco Planetarium. This attraction offers a blend of astronomy and Inca mythology, showcasing how the Incas viewed the stars and planets. With guided stargazing sessions available, itβs perfect for families and anyone interested in the night sky and cultural astronomy.
7. Inca Trail
For trekking enthusiasts, the Inca Trail is a once-in-a-lifetime experience. This multi-day hike takes you through breathtaking landscapes, ancient ruins, and lush cloud forests, culminating in a visit to Machu Picchu. The trail is best suited for those in good physical condition looking for an adventure-filled journey steeped in history.
8. Moray
Located about an hour from Cusco, Moray features unique circular terraces believed to have been used for agricultural experimentation by the Incas. The siteβs distinct design and engineering marvel make it a fascinating stop for those interested in Inca agriculture and innovation. Itβs a great day trip for history and nature lovers alike.
Best Time to Visit Cusco
The best time to visit Cusco is during the dry season, which runs from May to September. During these months, visitors can expect clear skies and mild temperatures, making it ideal for outdoor activities and sightseeing. The peak tourist season occurs from June to August, coinciding with the Inca Festival of the Sun, Inti Raymi, making it lively yet crowded. Conversely, the off-peak season from October to April presents occasional rain but fewer tourists, allowing for a more intimate experience of the city. For the best of both worlds, consider visiting in May or September.
Getting to Cusco
Travelers typically reach Cusco via Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (CUZ), which is about 6 km from the city center. Numerous domestic flights connect Cusco to Lima and other major cities in Peru. For those traveling overland, several bus companies offer comfortable rides from cities like Lima, Arequipa, and Puno. While the journey can be lengthy, it offers scenic views of the Peruvian landscape. Additionally, trains from Ollantaytambo to Machu Picchu make Cusco a convenient starting point for exploring the ancient citadel.
Getting Around Cusco
Cusco is a walkable city, particularly in the historic center, where most attractions are located within close proximity. Cobblestone streets are best explored on foot, allowing visitors to soak in the local architecture and atmosphere. For longer distances, taxis are readily available, and itβs advisable to agree on a fare before starting your journey. Rideshare apps like Uber operate in the city, offering a convenient and safe way to get around. Public buses are also available but may be less comfortable for tourists. Car rental options exist, but driving in Cusco can be challenging due to narrow streets and altitude.
Travel Tips for Cusco
1. Altitude Awareness: Cusco sits at over 3,400 meters (11,000 feet) above sea level, so acclimatization is crucial. Allow yourself a few days to adjust to avoid altitude sickness.
2. Currency: The local currency is the Peruvian Sol (PEN). ATMs are widely available, but carry cash for markets and smaller vendors.
3. Language: While Spanish is the official language, many locals speak Quechua. Learning a few basic phrases can enhance your experience and interactions.
4. Safety: Cusco is generally safe, but be cautious of pickpockets, especially in crowded areas. Keep valuables secure and be aware of your surroundings.
5. Local Customs: Respect local customs and traditions. Always ask permission before taking photos of people, especially in rural areas.
6. Transportation: Use reputable taxi services or rideshare apps to ensure safe travel within the city.
7. Dining Etiquette: Tipping in restaurants is customary, usually around 10%.
8. Hydration: Stay hydrated, especially at high altitudes. Drinking coca tea can help with acclimatization.
Where to Stay in Cusco
Cusco offers a range of accommodation options, from luxury hotels to budget hostels. The historic center is the most popular area for tourists, with easy access to main attractions like Plaza de Armas and Qorikancha. San Blas, known for its artistic vibe, is ideal for those seeking boutique hotels and local art. For a quieter atmosphere, consider staying in the outskirts, where you can enjoy beautiful views and a more relaxed pace. Regardless of where you choose to stay, proximity to public transport and dining options is crucial for convenience.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the best way to acclimatize to Cusco’s altitude?
To acclimatize, take it easy for the first few days, drink plenty of water, and consume coca tea, which is believed to help with altitude sickness.
2. Is it safe to drink tap water in Cusco?
It is advisable to drink bottled or filtered water in Cusco, as tap water may not be safe for consumption.
3. Do I need a visa to visit Peru?
Most travelers from North America and Europe do not need a visa for stays of up to 183 days. However, itβs best to check specific requirements based on your nationality.
4. What currency is used in Cusco?
The local currency is the Peruvian Sol (PEN). Credit cards are accepted in many establishments, but it’s wise to carry cash for markets and small shops.
5. Are there any cultural customs I should be aware of?
Yes, itβs respectful to greet locals with a handshake or a polite nod. When visiting sacred sites, dress modestly and ask permission before taking photos of individuals.
6. What should I pack for my trip to Cusco?
Pack layered clothing for varying temperatures, sturdy walking shoes for exploring, and essentials like sunscreen and a reusable water bottle to stay hydrated.