Oaxaca Travel Guide
Introduction
Located in the southern region of Mexico, Oaxaca is a vibrant city known for its rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and mouthwatering cuisine. Nestled between the Sierra Madre Mountains and the Pacific coast, it is the capital of the state of the same name. Travelers flock to Oaxaca for its unique blend of indigenous traditions and Spanish colonial influence, evident in its architecture, art, and festivals. The city is famed for its colorful markets, ancient ruins, and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed historic center. From the vibrant Day of the Dead celebrations to the delicious local mole, Oaxaca offers a sensory experience that captivates visitors. Whether you seek adventure in the surrounding mountains, cultural immersion in local crafts, or simply a relaxing getaway, Oaxaca is a distinctive destination that promises unforgettable experiences.
Top Things to Do in Oaxaca
1. Monte Albán
Monte Albán, an ancient Zapotec city, is one of Oaxaca’s must-visit archaeological sites. Perched on a mountaintop, it offers breathtaking views of the valley below. Visitors can explore the impressive ruins, including temples, plazas, and tombs, which date back to 500 BC. The site is perfect for history enthusiasts and those looking to connect with Mexico’s pre-Hispanic roots.
2. Oaxaca Ethnobotanical Garden
The Oaxaca Ethnobotanical Garden is a living museum dedicated to the region’s native plants and their uses in local culture. Spanning several acres, the garden showcases over 1,000 species, many of which are vital to the area’s traditional medicine and cuisine. Guided tours offer insights into the significance of various plants, making it an excellent stop for nature lovers and those interested in sustainability.
3. Zócalo (Main Square)
The Zócalo, or main square, is the heart of Oaxaca City. Surrounded by stunning colonial architecture, this lively plaza is perfect for people-watching, enjoying local street food, or attending cultural events. Visitors can relax under the shade of ancient trees, listen to live music, or explore the nearby shops and cafes. The Zócalo is ideal for anyone looking to soak in the vibrant atmosphere of the city.
4. Santo Domingo de Guzmán Church
This baroque church is a stunning example of colonial architecture, adorned with intricate gold leaf and elaborate frescoes. The adjacent former monastery houses the Museum of Oaxacan Cultures, showcasing artifacts from the region’s rich history. A visit to Santo Domingo is a must for art and architecture enthusiasts, as well as anyone interested in the spiritual history of Oaxaca.
5. Market of 20 de Noviembre
For an authentic culinary experience, the Market of 20 de Noviembre is indispensable. Here, visitors can sample traditional Oaxacan dishes, such as tlayudas and various types of mole. The vibrant atmosphere, bustling crowds, and array of sights and smells make it a feast for the senses. Food lovers will find this market a paradise for experiencing local flavors and ingredients firsthand.
6. Hierve el Agua
A stunning natural site located about an hour from Oaxaca City, Hierve el Agua features mineral springs that have created impressive rock formations resembling waterfalls. Visitors can hike along scenic trails, take a dip in the natural pools, and marvel at the breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains. This destination is perfect for adventurers and nature enthusiasts looking for a unique day trip.
7. Tule Tree
Home to the world’s widest tree, the Tule Tree is located in the small town of Santa María del Tule, just a short drive from Oaxaca City. This ancient cypress tree, estimated to be over 2,000 years old, has a circumference of over 42 meters. It is an enchanting spot for photography and family outings, appealing to nature lovers and those interested in local folklore.
8. Guelaguetza Festival
Held annually in July, the Guelaguetza Festival celebrates the diverse cultures of Oaxaca through music, dance, and traditional attire. The festival features performances from various indigenous communities, showcasing their unique customs and traditions. This event is ideal for travelers seeking an immersive cultural experience and a chance to witness the vibrancy of Oaxacan heritage.
9. Monte Albán Night Tour
For a truly unique experience, consider taking a night tour of Monte Albán. Illuminated under the stars, the ancient ruins take on a mystical quality. Guided by knowledgeable locals, visitors can learn about the history and significance of this UNESCO site while enjoying the serene atmosphere of the night. This experience suits history buffs and those looking for a different perspective on the region’s heritage.
10. Local Art Galleries
Oaxaca is known for its thriving arts scene, particularly in areas like Barrio de Jalatlaco and the Centro Histórico. Visitors can explore numerous art galleries showcasing contemporary and traditional works by local artists. From vibrant textiles to intricate pottery, these galleries provide insight into the region’s artistic heritage. Art enthusiasts will find this a rewarding experience, connecting with the creative spirit of Oaxaca.
Best Time to Visit Oaxaca
The best time to visit Oaxaca is during the dry season, which runs from October to April. During these months, the weather is pleasant, with warm temperatures and clear skies—ideal for exploring the city and its surroundings. December to February is peak tourist season, especially during the Christmas and New Year holidays, when cultural festivities are abundant. If you prefer fewer crowds, consider visiting in the shoulder months of October and November or March and April. The rainy season, which lasts from May to September, can bring heavy downpours but also lush landscapes and fewer tourists, making it a good time for budget travelers.
Getting to Oaxaca
Travelers typically reach Oaxaca via the Xoxocotlán International Airport (OAX), located about 7 km from downtown. The airport offers domestic flights from major Mexican cities and limited international routes. For those traveling by road, major highways connect Oaxaca to cities like Mexico City and Puebla. Buses are a popular option, with several reputable companies providing comfortable services. While there are no major rail links directly to Oaxaca, the bus system is efficient and a preferred method for reaching the city from nearby regions.
Getting Around Oaxaca
Oaxaca is a walkable city, particularly in the historic center, where many attractions are within easy reach. Public transport options include local buses and minibuses, which are affordable but can be confusing for first-time visitors. Taxis are readily available and can be hailed on the street or booked via phone. Rideshare services like Uber operate in the city, offering a convenient alternative for getting around. Car rentals are available for those looking to explore the surrounding areas, but parking can be challenging in the city center.
Travel Tips for Oaxaca
1. Learn Basic Spanish: While many locals understand some English, knowing basic Spanish phrases can enhance your experience and help you connect with residents.
2. Cash is King: Many local markets and smaller establishments prefer cash payments, so carry sufficient pesos for purchases and transport.
3. Stay Hydrated: Oaxaca’s elevation can be deceptive; drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, especially during outdoor activities.
4. Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local traditions and customs, especially during religious festivals. Dress modestly when visiting churches or sacred sites.
5. Bargain Wisely: When shopping at markets, haggling is common. Start by offering half the asking price and negotiate from there, but do so respectfully.
6. Safety First: While Oaxaca is generally safe for tourists, remain vigilant, especially in crowded areas. Keep an eye on personal belongings.
7. Avoid Common Mistakes: Don’t assume all restaurants accept credit cards; check beforehand. Also, tipping is appreciated, typically around 10-15% in restaurants.
8. Embrace Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying traditional dishes like mole and mezcal. Be adventurous with street food, but choose busy stalls for better hygiene.
Where to Stay in Oaxaca
When choosing where to stay in Oaxaca, the historic center is the most popular area for tourists. Here, you’ll find a variety of accommodations, from boutique hotels to budget hostels, all within walking distance of key attractions. The neighborhoods of Jalatlaco and Xochimilco offer a more local experience, with charming streets and cafes. For those seeking tranquility, areas further from the city center provide a peaceful retreat, often with beautiful views of the surrounding mountains. Consider your priorities—whether it’s nightlife, dining, or proximity to cultural sites—when selecting your accommodation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the currency used in Oaxaca?
The currency in Oaxaca, like the rest of Mexico, is the Mexican Peso (MXN). Credit and debit cards are accepted in many places, but it’s advisable to carry cash for local markets and smaller establishments.
Is Oaxaca safe for tourists?
Oaxaca is generally safe for tourists, with a low crime rate compared to other parts of Mexico. However, it’s prudent to remain vigilant, avoid poorly lit areas at night, and keep personal belongings secure.
Do I need a visa to visit Oaxaca?
Visitors from the United States, Canada, and many European countries do not require a visa for stays of up to 180 days. However, it’s essential to check the requirements based on your nationality before traveling.
What languages are spoken in Oaxaca?
Spanish is the official language, but many indigenous languages are spoken throughout the region, including Zapotec and Mixtec. Learning a few basic Spanish phrases can greatly enhance your experience.
What are some must-try dishes in Oaxaca?
Oaxaca is famous for its diverse cuisine, particularly its mole sauces, tlayudas (large tortillas topped with various ingredients), and mezcal. Don’t miss the chance to try these local specialties!
Are there any cultural festivals in Oaxaca?
Yes, Oaxaca hosts several vibrant cultural festivals throughout the year, with the Guelaguetza Festival in July being one of the most famous. Other notable events include the Day of the Dead celebrations and the Night of the Radishes in December.